A drink, or beverage, is a liquid Liquid is one of the three classical states of matter. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a container, but, like a solid, it resists compression. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension, which is specifically prepared for human Humans are a species of animal known taxonomically as Homo sapiens , and are the only extant member of the Homo genus of bipedal primates in Hominidae, the great ape family. However, in some cases "human" is used to refer to any member of the genus Homo consumption. In addition to filling a basic human need, beverages form part of the culture Culture is a term that has different meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. However, the word "culture" is most commonly used in three basic senses: of human society Society or human society is the set of relations among people, including their social status and roles. By extension, society denotes the people of a region or country, sometimes even the world, taken as a whole. Used in the sense of an association, a society is a body of individuals outlined by the bounds of functional interdependence, possibly.

Types of beverage

Water

Despite the fact that all beverages contain water Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state, water vapor or steam, water itself is not a beverage. The word beverage has traditionally been defined as not referring to water.^{[citation needed]}

Alcoholic beverages

An alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethanol Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a powerful psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. It is best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and thermometers. In common usage, it is often referred to simply as, commonly known as alcohol In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl functional group (-O (although in chemistry Chemistry is the science of matter and the changes it undergoes. The science of matter is also addressed by physics, but while physics takes a more general and fundamental approach, chemistry is more specialized, being concerned with the composition, behavior, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical the definition of “alcohol” includes many other compounds).

Beer Beer is the world's most widely consumed and probably oldest alcoholic beverage, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea. It is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize , and rice are widely used. Most beer is flavored with hops, has been a part of human culture for 8,000 years.^[1] In Germany A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, has been known and documented before AD 100. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. During the 16th century, northern Germany became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. As a modern nation-state,, Ireland Ireland (pronounced [ˈaɾlənd],; Irish: Éire, pronounced [ˈeːɾʲə] ( listen); Ulster Scots: Airlann) is the third largest island in Europe and the twentieth largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland is Great Britain, separated from, the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[note 7] is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land, and many other European countries, drinking beer (and other alcoholic beverages An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol . Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and spirits) in a local bar A bar is an establishment that serves alcoholic drinks — beer, wine, liquor, and cocktails — for consumption on the premises or pub There are approximately 53,500 public houses in the United Kingdom. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community, so there is concern that more pubs are closing down than new ones opening is a cultural tradition.^[2]

Non-alcoholic beverages

Non-alcoholic beverages are drinks that usually contain alcohol, such as beer and wine, but contain less than 0.5% alcohol by volume Alcohol by volume is a standard measure of how much alcohol (ethanol) is contained in an alcoholic beverage (expressed as a percentage of total volume). The ABV standard is used worldwide. This category includes low-alcohol beer Low-alcohol beer is beer with very low or no alcohol content. Most low-alcohol beers are lagers, but there are some low-alcohol ales, non-alcoholic wine Wine is an alcoholic beverage, typically made of fermented grape juice. The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients. Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast consumes the sugars found in the grapes and converts them, and apple cider Apple cider is the name used in the United States and parts of Canada for an unfiltered, unsweetened, non-alcoholic drink made from apples. It is opalescent, or opaque, due to the fine apple particles in suspension, and may be tangier than conventional filtered apple juice, depending on the apples used.

Soft drinks

The name "soft drink" specifies a lack of alcohol by way of contrast to the term "hard drink" and the term "drink", the latter of which is nominally neutral but often carries connotations of alcoholic content. Beverages like colas Cola is a beverage usually containing caramel color, caffeine and a sweetener such as sugar or high fructose corn syrup, sparkling water Carbonated water, also known as sparkling water, fizzy water, seltzer, and water with gas, , is plain water into which carbon dioxide gas has been dissolved, and is the major and defining component of most soft drinks. The process of dissolving carbon dioxide gas is called carbonation. It results in the formation of carbonic acid (which has the, iced tea Iced tea is a form of cold tea, often served in a glass with ice. It may or may not be sweetened. Iced tea is also a popular packaged drink. It can be mixed with flavored syrup, with common flavors including lemon, peach, raspberry, lime, and cherry. While most iced teas get their flavor from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) , other herb-infused, lemonade In the UK, the suffix 'ade' means a 'carbonated sweet soft drink'; hence limeade, orangeade, cherryade, etc. Brown lemonade exists in the Northern Ireland region of the UK, squash Squash is a sweetened or unsweetened fruit-based concentrate which is mixed with a liquid, most commonly water or seltzer, before drinking. It is also the name of the resulting drink, and fruit punch Punch is a general term for any of a wide assortment of mixed drinks, either soft or alcoholic, often rum, generally containing fruit or fruit juice. The drink was brought from India to England in the early seventeenth century, and from there it was introduced into other countries. Punch is typically served at parties in large, wide bowls, known are among the most common types of soft drinks, while hot chocolate Hot chocolate is a heated beverage typically consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate buds or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and sugar. Drinking chocolate is similar to hot chocolate (or cocoa), but is made from melted chocolate shavings or paste rather than a powdered mix that's soluble in water, hot tea Tea is the agricultural product of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by various methods. "Tea" also refers to the aromatic beverage prepared from the cured leaves by combination with hot or boiling water, and is the common name for the Camellia sinensis plant itself, coffee Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of coffee cherries that grow on trees in over 70 countries. Green unroasted coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Due to its caffeine content, coffee can have a stimulating effect in humans, milk Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It provides the primary source of nutrition for young mammals before they are able to digest other types of food. The early lactation milk is known as colostrum, and carries the mother's antibodies to the baby. It can reduce the risk of many diseases in the baby. The exact, tap water Tap water is part of indoor plumbing, which became available in the developed world in the late 19th century and common in the mid-20th century.[dubious – discuss], alcohol In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl functional group (-O , and milkshakes A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is made from milk, ice cream or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as fruit syrup or chocolate sauce. Milkshakes are usually served in a tall glass with a straw, and whipped cream may be added as a topping. Several popular milkshake flavors include vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry. In some do not fall into this classification. Many carbonated soft drinks are optionally available in versions sweetened with sugars Sugar is an informal term for a class of edible crystalline carbohydrates, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose characterized by a sweet flavor. In food, sugar almost exclusively refers to sucrose, which primarily comes from sugar cane and sugar beet. Other sugars are used in industrial food preparation, but are usually known by more specific or with non-caloric sweeteners A sugar substitute is a food additive that duplicates the effect of sugar in taste, usually with less food energy. Some sugar substitutes are natural and some are synthetic. Those that are not natural are, in general, referred to as artificial sweeteners.

Fruit juices and drinks

Most fruit juices and drinks are purely natural products with no or little additives therein. Citrus products such as Orange and Tangerine Juices are very familiar breakfast or anytime beverages. Grapefruit juices, pineapple, apple, grape, Lime and Lemon are all familiar products. Coconut water is a highly nutritious and refreshing juice. Many berry's are crushed and their juices mixed with water and sometimes sweetened. Raspberry, Blackberry, and Currants are often delectable juices drinks but the percentage of water also determines their nutritive value. Juices were probably mans most original drinks other than water. Grapes juice that was allowed to ferment produced the alcoholic drink wine (see below) Fruits are highly perishable and so the ability to create juices and carry/store them was of extreme value. Some fruits are highly acidic and cutting them with additional water and sugars or honey was often needed to make them palatable. Early storage of fruit juices was labor intensive requiring the crushing of the berries/fruits and the mixing of the resulting pure juices with sugars and bottling and capping them. Orange and Coconut water remain by far the most highly consumed juices on the market and are there because of their valuable nutrients and hydration abilities.

Hot beverages

A hot beverage is any beverage which is normally served heated. This may be through the addition of a heated liquid, such as water or milk, or by directly heating the beverage itself. Some examples of hot beverages are:

• Coffee Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of coffee cherries that grow on trees in over 70 countries. Green unroasted coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Due to its caffeine content, coffee can have a stimulating effect in humans-based beverages
  • Café au lait Café au lait is a French coffee drink. The meaning of the term differs between Europe and the United States; in both cases it means some kind of coffee with hot milk added, in contrast to white coffee, which is coffee with room temperature milk or other whitener added
  • Cappuccino A cappuccino is an Italian coffee drink prepared with espresso, hot milk, and steamed-milk foam
  • Coffee Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of coffee cherries that grow on trees in over 70 countries. Green unroasted coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Due to its caffeine content, coffee can have a stimulating effect in humans
  • Espresso Caffè espresso, or just espresso is a concentrated coffee beverage brewed by forcing hot water under pressure through finely ground coffee
  • Frappé Frappé coffee (Greek: φραπές, frapés) is a foam-covered iced coffee drink made from instant coffee (generally, spray-dried). It is very popular in Greece and Cyprus, especially during the summer, but has now spread to other countries
  • Flavored coffees Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of coffee cherries that grow on trees in over 70 countries. Green unroasted coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Due to its caffeine content, coffee can have a stimulating effect in humans (mocha A Café mocha is a variant of a caffè latte. Like a latte, it is typically one third espresso and two thirds steamed milk, but a portion of chocolate is added, typically in the form of sweet cocoa powder, although many varieties use chocolate syrup. Mochas can contain dark or milk chocolate etc.)
  • Latte
• Hot chocolate
• Hot cider
  • Mulled cider
• Glühwein
• Tea-based beverages
  • Flavored teas (chai etc.)
  • Green tea
  • Pearl milk tea
  • Tea
• Herbal teas
  • Yerba Mate
• Roasted grain beverages
  • Sanka

Miscellanea

Some substances may be called either food or drink, and accordingly may be eaten with a spoon or drunk, depending upon their thickness and solutes.

• Buttermilk
• Soup
• Yogurt

Measurement

^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Cocktails
• Drinking
• Food
• Kefir
• Nutrition
• Soft drink
• Water

References

1. ^ Arnold, John P (2005). Origin and History of Beer and Brewing: From Prehistoric Times to the Beginning of Brewing Science and Technology (Reprint ed.). BeerBooks.com.
2. ^ Hamill, Pete (1994). A Drinking Life: A Memoir. New York: Little, Brown and Company.

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